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scalloped hammerhead
The scalloped hammerhead (''Sphyrna lewini'') is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family Sphyrnidae. Originally known as ''Zygaena lewini'', the name of its genus was later renamed to its current name. The Greek word ''sphyrna'' translates into "hammer" in English, referring to the shape of this shark's head. The most distinguishing characteristic of this shark, as in all hammerheads, is the 'hammer' on its head. The shark's eyes and nostrils are at the tips of the extensions. This is a fairly large hammerhead, though is smaller than both the Great and Smooth Hammerheads.
This shark is also known as the bronze, kidney-headed or southern hammerhead. It primarily lives in warm temperate and tropical coastal waters all around the globe between latitudes 46° N and 36° S, down to a depth of . It is the most common of all hammerheads.
==Taxonomy==
The scalloped hammerhead was first named ''Zygaena lewini'' and then renamed ''Sphyrna lewini'' by Edward Griffith and Hamilton Smith in 1834. It has also been named ''Cestracion leeuwenii'' by Day in 1865, ''Zygaena erythraea'' by Klunzinger in 1871, ''Cestracion oceanica'' by Garman in 1913, and ''Sphyrna diplana'' by Springer in 1941. ''Sphyrna'' comes from the Greek and translates into hammer.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/ScHammer/ScallopedHammerhead.html )〕
It is a sister species to ''Sphyrna gilberti'', differing by the number of vertebrae. Though once considered a distinct species, McEachran and Serret synonimized ''Sphyrna couardi'' with ''Sphyrna lewini'' in 1986.〔Martin, R. Aidan. (February 24, 1998). (Recent Changes in Hammerhead Taxonomy ). ''ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research''. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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